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SPN-2, SPN-4, AKUP-1 EW systems Greece has its only localy built version of this russian electronic warfare system. AKPB APUR Number of objects controlled 3 APURs (companies CPs) 9 jamming stations Interfacing distance to information radar source, km up to 20 up to 20 Control range, km up to 40 up to 20 Number of targets allocated by complex 50 20 SPN-2 SPN-4 Frequency band, cm 2 3 Sector of simultaneous operation, deg in azimuth 45 45 in elevation 10 (45) 10 (45) Energy, Db/W 57 60 Number of radars suppressed simultaneously fire control radars 6 6 side-looking radars 2 2 terrain-following radars 2 2 The principal ground EW unit is the EW battalion intended for protection of small-sized and area (100x100 km) targets from airborne side-looking radars and fire control systems of air-to-surface guided weapons, as well as for jamming airborne radars supporting low-altitude strike aircraft. The battalion consists of three companies and its complement includes (1) the SPN-2 and SPN-4 high power ground jamming stations, (2) the AKUP-1 automated jamming command and control complex comprising the AKPB Automated Battalion Command Post and three APUR Automated Company Command Posts. Each station creates two jamming beams within the sector of simultaneous operation and is able to suppress up to two side-looking radars, or two low-level mission support radars, or up to six fire control radars. The station can operate in autonomous mode controlled from operator control desk, or in centralised mode from AKUP complex. The station can create quasi-continuous disguising noise of response jamming. The jamming can be frequency-aimed or of barrage type. The suppression is gained either by slow changing carrier frequency, or by tuning the carrier frequency from impulse to impulse.

HELIOS 2 Second generation Astrium-built optical reconnaissance satellite network Greece to participate in satellite programme HELIOS-2 The Defence Ministries of Greece and France signed an agreement on Friday 5 February 2005 , whereby Greece will be the 11th country worldwide that will have access to military space observation satellites. Specifically, according to an announcement issued by the Greek defence ministry, Greece will participate in the space observation satellite programme HELIOS-2, as member of the European consortium BOC (Besoins Operationelles Communs). Negotiations on this issue had begun in 1998 and were suspended in 2001. Negotiations were resumed when the ministry's new political leadership came into office last March, resulting in the signing of Friday's agreement. The other countries which comprise the consortium are France, Spain, Italy, Germany and Belgium. Greece's financial contribution, as a member of the programme, will amount to 2.5%, which is estimated to equal €80 million over the next 10 years. Helios 2 Info French military surveillance satellite series which began service in 2004. Helios II comprised two four-tonne satellites, Helios IIA and IIB, which were to deliver improved performance relative to their Helios I predecessors (in terms of resolution capability, number of images they can take, and night sight), and an enhanced user ground segment. The Helios programme was Europe's military optical reconnaissance system consisting of both a space and a ground segment, which commenced service in 1995, jointly funded by the French, Italian and Spanish governments. The Helios I optical observation satellites, launched in July 1995 and December 1999 respectively, could acquire high resolution images of any point on the globe, with daily revisit capability. The new Helios II system was to be able to process data from both the Helios I and the Helios II satellites, while remaining open to future space-based intelligence systems. The French Ministry of Defence procurement agency DGA ran the programme, retained direct control over the management of the ground segment, and delegated the space segment responsibility to the French space agency CNES. For the first and second generations of the Helios programme, the French Ministry of Defence procurement agency DGA and the French national space agency CNES selected EADS Astrium as prime contractor for the satellites - constructing and integrating the satellite bus and payload, supplying the attitude and orbit control system and developing the flight software and electrical ground support equipment - as well as for the user ground segments, requiring the development of a more ambitious, open-ended second-generation system compatible with both Helios I and II satellites. Associated Launch Vehicle: Ariane 5G. Hellas Sat 2 at 39.0°E Hellas-Sat 2 was launched on 13 May 2003 carried on a ATLAS V rocket from cape canaveral . The Atlas V rocket placed the satellite into a nearly perfect transfer orbit: apogee of 85,458 km (target was 85,554 km), perigee of 312.2 km (target was 312 km), and an inclination right on target at 17.06 degrees. Hellas-Sat is the first telecommunications satellite for Greece and Cyprus. The satellite is an Astrium Eurostar 2000+ model that will provide voice, video, data and broadcast services over Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Hellas Sat 1 was leased from Deutsche Telekom and the spacecraft, already in orbit, was moved into the 39-degree slot in 2002 to fulfill ITU rules and essentially hold the spot until Hellas Sat 2 was launched. HELLAS SAT Consortium Ltd is a joint Greece/Cyprus venture registered in Cyprus. The majority shareholder is the Hellenic Telecommunications Organisation (OTE) partnered with other strategic investors from Greece and Cyprus : Greece’s OTE Hellenic Telecommunications Organization 83.33% stake ( where Hellas Sat’s Athens offices are located ) Cyprus’ AvacomNet (8.51%), Hellenic Aerospace Industry (3.92%), Cyprus Development Bank (3.84%), and Canada’s Telesat with 0.39 percent. A second satellite is to be launched in 2006 and it will cover mostly north america. The cost of Hellas Sat 2 was ~ 180 mi. dollars More info : www.hellas-sat.net http://www.ilslaunch.com/launches/a...unches/Atlas56/ And some news : Hellas Sat in Earth & Space Week, Brussels For the first time in the history of the European Union the European Commission (EC) together with the European Space Agency (ESA) opened its gates to the European public by organizing the European Space Week in Brussels from 12-20 February 2005 . During the event the opportunity was given to visitors to be informed on the European Space policy, satellite communications & earth observation and also how the exploitation of space can benefit our planet in various ways. Greece for the first time participated in this big event as a member of the European Space Agency where it was recently incorporated as a full member, giving the opportunity to the first Greek satellite Hellas-Sat 2 to participate among the other space organizations. Hellas Sat was one of the sponsors of the Earth Observation Industry Summit held on Wednesday the 16th of February during the Earth and Space Week parallel events. The Greek delegation won the impression by elaborating to the European partners the Greek space presence and research whilst also presenting to the Greek partners the position of Greece with regards to satellite communication. Greece is one of the 35 countries in the whole planet that offer their own complete satellite communication services. Hellas Sat has at its disposal the most up-to-date Centre of Space Control which is manned exclusively by Greek scientists. The government is also considering launching a network of 12 lightweight satellites into orbit primarily to monitor Greece

EMB-145 Erieye Airborne Early Warning and Control Aircraft   The EMB-145 AEW&C is a derivative of the Embraer ERJ-145 regional jetliner airframe, modified with the integration of an Airborne Early Warning radar and mission system. The aircraft incorporates a reinforced airframe, new navigation and communication systems, an enhanced auxiliary power unit (APU), increased fuel capacity and a revised interior layout. The EMB-145 AEW&C's mission system is developed around the Ericsson ERIEYE active, phased-array pulse-Doppler radar and is integrated with an onboard command and control system. Electronic surveillance measures for monitoring communications and non-communications activities are also integrated with the system. In 1997, Embraer was awarded a contract to develop and produce the ERIEYE-based EMB-145 AEW&C (designated R-99A) aircraft, together with another version of the same aircraft, the EMB-145 RS Remote Sensing (designated R-99B) variant, for the Brazilian Government's SIVAM program. The Brazilian Air Force (FAB) ordered five AEW&C and three EMB-145 RS aircraft. The first AEW&C aircraft was delivered to the Brazilian Air Force in July 2002 and deliveries were completed in December 2003. The Hellenic Air Force of Greece has ordered four EMB-145 AEW&C. The first was delivered in December 2003 and deliveries are expected to be completed by the end of 2004. Mexico has ordered one aircraft for border and coastline monitoring which was delivered in June 2004. Erieye radar systems have also been ordered by Sweden. In February 2005, Embraer signed a Memorandum of Understanding with India for the procurement of three systems. A fleet of three aircraft is sufficient to sustain two airborne patrols around the clock for a limited time, or one airborne patrol with one aircraft on continuous ground alert for more than 30 days. Although capable of long endurance at normal patrol speeds, the EMB-145 has a high dash speed which contributes to survivability on patrol missions. The EMB-145 AEW&C crew includes the pilot and copilot, five mission systems specialists and up to three reserve crew members. The aircraft is equipped with five or six mission operator consoles.   COCKPIT The all-glass cockpit is fitted with five displays - primary flight displays, multi-function displays and the engine indication and crew alerting system (EICAS) - with multi-reversionary capabilities. Avionic systems include full TCAS II (Traffic Alerting and Collision Avoidance), a ground proximity warning system (GPWS) and windshear detector. Dual digital air data computers drive the attitude and heading reference system (AHRS). The pilot is provided with a head-up display particularly for landing guidance. The aircraft has two radio altimeters and instrument landing system. A dual integrated computer controls the autopilot flight director (APFD), windshear detector and EICAS. ERIEYE ERIEYE has been developed by Ericsson Microwave Systems. The system comprises an active, phased-array pulse-Doppler radar including integrated secondary surveillance radar and identification friend or foe (SSR/IFF), a comprehensive, modular command-and-control system, electronic support measures (ESM), communications and datalinks. Rather than conventional rotodome antenna system, ERIEYE has a fixed, dual-sided and electronically scanned antenna mounted on top of the fuselage. This places much less demand on aircraft size and is designed for mounting on commuter-type aircraft. The ERIEYE is capable of 360° detection and tracking of air and sea targets over the horizon. The instrumented range is 450km and a typical detection range against a fighter aircraft size target is in excess of 350km. The system uses advanced solid-state electronics, open-system architecture and ruggedized commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware, including general-purpose programmable workstations and full-colour LCD displays. The ERIEYE radar is already in service with the Swedish Air Force and is in series production for Brazil and other customers. SIVAM PROGRAM The SIVAM program is designed to survey the entire Amazon Basin, an area considerably greater than that of Western Europe. Eight aircraft, five for surveillance and three for remote sensing are used for environmental protection, natural resources survey, border surveillance and support of sustained development in the Amazon region. The aircraft are operated by FAB from the Annapolis air force base. The EMB-145 RS remote sensing aircraft is equipped with synthetic aperture radar, forward-looking infra-red/television (FLIR/TV), multi-spectral scanner, COMINT communications intelligence suite, ELINT electronics intelligence system and an on-board recording and processing system. The RS aircraft will be capable of providing updated mapping information and imagery of the area. Above: The inner circle represents the extent of the coverage the EBM offers the outer ring represents the range of the current stand off missile SCALP deployed by the Hellenic Airforce this french made weapon that is  designed to intergrate  with the current electronics of the Hellenic Mirage 2000 MK2 aircraft.

Greek Unmanned Aerial Vechile PEGASOS I     The first UAV fully made in Greece is ready and operational. It has: dimensions: wingspan-5m, length-4,5m, height-1,6m Autonomy for 6 hours. With calm weather it has range of 180km. Max flight height:16.000 ft.Wings and body made of resinous materials installed gyroscopes electronic sensors-that offer real-time data optic cameras with low (for the time being) resolution, that offer real-time video gps guidance automatic robot pilot, in case the transmittion of the base is lost, or is damaged from enemy jams.. full handbook of use that explains the slightest detail and act of the maintainance and operational procedure, "equal" to the manned aircrafts... It Requires: 170 meters field to take off. a team of highly trained engineers, technicians, air-force officers. tactical flight excercises at least 3 times the month

PEGASOS II, The evolution of the 100% Greek made UAV

SPERWER Tactical UAV System  Sperwer unmanned aerial system (UAS) is designed to support Intelligence, Surveillance, Target Acquisition and reconnaissance (ISTAR) at the battlegroup level (brigade to division). The Sperwer system comprises three aerial vehicles, ground control station (GCS), transportable hydraulic catapult and ground data terminal (GDT) housed in the communications shelter carried on high mobility vehicles. The entire system can be transported in two C-130 aircraft and operate from unprepared sites using catapult launch, and parachute and airbags recovery. The system supports simultaneous control of two aircraft, from a single GCS. Furthermore, several GCSs can control multiple missions, and can hand-over UAVs between each other. The ground station is provided with advanced mission planning tools, including 3D terrain modeling and flight path presentation on a geographical data system, image processing, interpretation and connection to C4I networks and compatibility with NATO datalinks and communications networks. To improve survivability and stealth, the GCS can be located up to 2 kilometers from the GDT. Sperwer is designed to carry the Sagem OLOSP FLIR payload, providing high resolution day and night imagery and target geolocation with an accuracy of 20 meters. Other payloads designed for Sperwer include ELINT, COMINT, communications relay and SAR. The aircraft is equipped with a digital J band datalink (15GHz) and transponder/IFF (Mode 3C) and VHF relay for easy integration in controlled airspace. Sperwer B will be able to carry multiple payloads (EO/IR and SAR or EO/IR and relay etc.) It will also be equipped with two underwing hardpoints, to carry external loads of up to 30kg each. Sagem has already demonstrated the integration of Sperwer B with the SPIKE LR missile and is cooperating with GIAT, to test a new smart munition delivery system, based on the Bonus submunition. According to Sagem, the armed configuration requires the reduction of up to 20 kg of fuel, thus limiting the endurance of the armed Sperwer.

Kornet - E Anti Tank Greece has purchased 500 examples   Kornet E Anti-Armour Missile, Russia Kornet E is the name given to the export version of the Russian Kornet missile system. The system, first shown in 1994, has been developed by the KBP Instrument Design Making Bureau, Tula, Russia and is in production and service with the Russian Army and has been sold to the Syrian Army. Kornet is a third generation system, developed to replace the Fagot and Konkurs missile systems in the Russian Army. It is designed to destroy tanks, including those fitted with explosive reactive armour (ERA), fortifications, entrenched troops as well as small-scale targets. The system can be fitted to a variety of tracked and wheeled vehicles, including the BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicle, as well as serving as a standalone, portable system. The self-propelled Kornet missile system is manufactured by the Volsk Mechanical Plant, Volsk, Russian Federation. It was reported in April 2005 that the Kornet E missile system has been ordered by the government of Eritrea. MISSILE The launcher fires Kornet missiles with tandem shaped charge HEAT warheads to defeat tanks fitted with ERA or with high explosive/incendiary (thermobaric effect) warheads, for use against bunkers, fortifications and fire emplacements. Armour penetration for the HEAT warhead is stated to be 1,200mm. Range is 5km. The missile has semi-automatic command-to-line-of-sight (SACLOS) laser beamriding guidance, flying along the line of sight to engage the target head on in a direct attack profile. LAUNCHER The tripod launcher includes optical sight, thermal sight, laying drives, missile launch mechanism and missiles kept in storage and transport containers. The operator uses either optical or thermal sight to detect and track the target. The thermal sight is designated 1PN80 and is produced by the State Institute of Applied Optics (NPO GIPO) of Kazan, Russia. VEHICLE MOUNTS The Kornet anti-tank guided weapon system is mounted on a cross-country, armoured chassis based on the BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicle which entered production in the late 1980s and is in service with the Russian Army. BMP-3 is a tracked, armoured, amphibious vehicle. It has a 500hp diesel engine, weighs 18.7t and is capable of a maximum speed of 70km/hr and range of 600km. The vehicle is equipped with night vision devices. The self-propelled Kornet missile system has the capability for automatic loading and the simultaneous launching of two missiles at a single target. 16 missiles can be carried. It has a crew of two.

Milan Anti Tank      Milan Anti-Tank Missile System, Europe   MILAN is a portable medium-range, anti-tank weapon manufactured by Euromissile, based in Fontenay-aux-Roses in France. Euromissile is a consortium originally set up by Aerospatiale-Matra of France and DaimlerChrysler Aerospace of Germany, now a subsidiary of the EADS company. "The latest version of MILAN has a new digitised firing post and extended range missile. " The missile system activities of Aerospatiale Matra have been merged with Matra BAE Dynamics and Alenia Marconi Systems to form MBDA. The system has also been built under licence by Bharat Dynamics in India. The system was developed for the French and German Armies and over 350,000 missiles and 10,000 launch units have been produced since 1972. MILAN is in service in 41 countries. MILAN 3, armed with a tandem warhead with a new firing post with jam-resistant pulsed-beacon infrared guidance, has been in production since 1996 and has been ordered by France, Cyprus and two other armies. MBDA (EADS Aerospatiale Matra) has proposed a missile system based on the MILAN 3 firing post combined with the Trigat MR missile, to be known as Trigan. Trigan is intended as a replacement for the Trigat MR missile system for the French and German Ministries of Defence, following the withdrawal from the programme of the UK and the Netherlands. MILAN ADT/ER MILAN ADT/ER is the latest version of the missile system with new digitised firing post and new extended range missile. The MILAN ADT firing post has an integrated thermal imager with a video output which allows remote operation. With two missiles, the ADT weighs less than 45kg. Qualification of the ADT firing post is underway and the first guided firing of the missile system took place in May 2006. The MILAN ER missile has a range extended to 3,000m and a new, multi-effect warhead which can penetrate 1,000mm Explosive Reactive Armour (ERA) or Rolled Homogenous Armour (RHA), or more than 3m of reinforced concrete. A direct attack mode has been added as well as improved anti-jamming capability. MISSILE The munition consists of the missile in a waterproof launch tube. MILAN 2 has a single shaped charge warhead for use against very thick and composite armour. MILAN 2T and MILAN 3 missiles are armed with a tandem charge for use against reactive armour. "MILAN ADT has an integrated thermal imager with a video output which allows remote operation." The missile's Artus propulsion system is a dual system supplied by Société Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs (SNPE) of France, now Eurenco. Eurenco is a company formed from the merger of the explosives and propellants operations of SNPE, Saab and Patria. The first stage burns for 1.5s to eject the missile from the launcher to a distance of about 3m, and then the second stage burns for 11s giving a speed of over 200m/s and maximum range of 2km for a 12.5s time-of-flight. FIRING POST The firing post consists of a sighting system and a guidance assembly mounted on a tripod. The infrared localiser measures the angular deviation between the missile and the line of sight to the target. The transmission of guidance data by wire and the new MILAN 3 CCD localiser provide jamming resistance. All existing MILAN firing posts can be easily upgraded to MILAN 3 firing posts, which can fire all MILAN missiles. THERMAL SIGHT The firing post can be equipped with an optional MIRA thermal sight, produced by Thales (formerly Thomson-CSF) Optronique. MIRA has a detection range of 4,000m and field of view of 6° x 3°. The mounting bracket is quickly set up without tools or modification to the MILAN firing post. No correlation between the thermal sight and the firing post is necessary. A new-generation thermal sight has been developed for the MILAN 3 firing post, the MILIS from Safran (formerly SAGEM), which has a dual field of view, a detection range of 7km and a recognition range of 2.5km. OPERATION In typical deployment, one squad of two MILAN firing posts can be assigned at company level and three or four squads form a platoon used at regiment or battalion level. The launch crew consists of two: the gunner who carries the firing post and the loader or assistant gunner who carries two missiles. "The launch crew consists of two: the gunner who carries the firing post and the loader who carries two missiles." The gunner places the sight mark on the base of the target and presses the firing button. The missile is launched from the launch container and the launch tube is ejected to the rear of the launcher. The launcher can then be reloaded. Immediately after launch the fins on the missile open to provide a stabilising roll to the missile. After the missile is clear of the gunner, the sustainer rocket ignites. The gunner tracks the target simply by maintaining the position of the sight reticle centred on the target during missile flight. During flight the missile is automatically slaved at about 0.5m above the line-of-sight to avoid obstacles. The explosion of the charge occurs at the moment of impact with the target, even at high angles of incidence up to 80º. The rate of fire is up to three rounds a minute. Various mounting installations enable MILAN to be used from any vehicle either placed with the tripod on the roof or secured by using a quick-release clamp. Twin turrets have been developed for tracked vehicles allowing the missiles to be fired under armour.

GBU-24/B, GBU-24A/B, GBU-24B/B   GBU-24/B, GBU-24A/B, GBU-24B/B The Paveway III GCU (Guidance and Control Unit) has a microprocessor-based autopilot, which implements proportional control in place of the cruder "bang-bang" (either full deflection of control surfaces or none at all) autopilot of earlier Paveways. This provides for a much smoother and therefore more efficient flight path. Furthermore, the scanning laser seeker has a larger field of view, and the tailfins have been enlarged for higher manoeuverability and aerodynamic efficiency. The improvements enable a Paveway III LGB to maintain level flight at low altitude for effective ranges of more than 18 km (10 nm). Other delivery options include high-altitude drops (with a range of about 30 km (16 nm) from 10000 m (33000 ft) altitude) or long-range low-altitude launches using a lofted trajectory.   Originally, Paveway III guidance kits were to be built for four different warheads: a new HSM (Hard Structure Munition), which didn't materialize, and the 500 lb MK 82, 1000 lb MK 83 and 2000 lb MK 84 standard bombs. Of these only the MK 84 version was procured for operational service as the GBU-24/B, but later other warheads were also adopted for Paveway III guidance (see Variants section below for a detailed rundown of all versions). Paveway III entered service with the U.S. military in 1983, and has since been operationally used in all U.S. air offensives. More than 10000 kits have been procured by the U.S. military so far. Because Paveway III guidance kits are significantly more expensive than Paveway II kits, the latter are nevertheless still in service and won't be retired in the near future. Current prime contractor for all Paveway III guidance systems is Raytheon. In optimum conditions, a Paveway III LGB can have an accuracy of 1 m (3.6 ft) CEP. However, laser guidance doesn't work very well in bad weather, and when the illuminating laser is switched off for any reason, guidance is completely lost. To overcome these shortcomings, the development of a GPS-aided inertial add-on package for Paveway III GCUs began in the late 1990s. Flight tests began in 1999, and GPS/INS-enabled Paveway III LGBs became available for operational service in 2000. GPS/INS-enabled LGBs are frequently referred to as EGBUs (E = Enhanced). The general homing method of EGBUs is to use the GPS/INS unit for mid-course guidance (giving the control logic a whole new set of options for optimum flight paths, and greatly expanding the delivery envelope) and the laser seeker for terminal homing. Should laser designation and/or GPS reception fail, the accuracy is degraded but not completely lost. http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/app5/paveway-3.html HAF operates 200 GBU-24 Paveway III (and some 250+ GBU-27)   Greece uses these prescion weapons with its F-16 fleet: Paveway I/II/III LGBs (500lb - 2,000lb) AGM-88B HARM (SEAD) AGM-65A/B/G/H (against tanks, shelters, etc) JDAM (GPS/INS guided bomb) AGM-154C JSOW (launch and leave cruise missile) Spice (Israeli equivalent of JDAM) AFDS these are the smart weapons we use with it

AN/TPQ-37, FIREFINDER ARTILLERY LOCATING RADAR     The FIREFINDER (FF) AN/TPQ-37 is a mobile phased array radar set which automatically locates single or multiple positioned hostile artillery and rocket launched weapons. The system will then direct effective counterfire against the hostile weapon. The radar uses a combination of radar techniques, computer controlled signal processing, and automatic height correction to detect, verify, and track the projectiles in flight, and to automatically extrapolate both the firing position and the impact point. The AN/TPQ-37 is capable of first round detection at ranges of 3 to 50 km, dependent on weapon type. The phased array antenna allows the radar to electronically switch beam positions, thus enabling it to search for new targets while simultaneously tracking previously detected targets. Two (2) AN/TPQ-37 (V) Radar Sets are assigned to a division and each radar requires a crew of twelve for operations and maintenance.